Root Zone Waste Water Treatment/Constructed Wetlands
What is Root Zone Waste Water Treatment?
It is also called as constructed wetlands. It is a waste water treatment in which waste water is made to flow in gravity from one side of plant bed and treated water collected from the other side of the plant bed.
The process involves biological activity among different types of microbes in waste water, the roots of plants, soil and the sun. It consists of planted filter-beds containing gravel, sand and soil.
The wetlands can efficiently remove BOD, suspended solids, metals and toxic organics. In Constructed wetlands , the contaminant load is reduced by various physical, chemical and biological processes. The physical filtration happens through soil, sand, gravel, cinder etc.,. The biological degradation of organics happens through aerobic and anaerobic degradation through microorganisms present in the system such as bio films, plant roots, slugs and earthworms. It is also believed that chemical precipitation and adsorption take place in constructed wetlands.
As the system makes use of biological and physical-treatment processes to remove pollutants from wastewater, it is natural process and no need to add any input such as chemicals, mechanical pumps or external energy. This reduces both the maintenance and energy costs.
Both grey and black water can be treated in this way.
In picture- Decentralized waste water treatment plant in residential complex-Gujarat
Area : 300 sqm
Operational since : 2006
Capital cost : Rs 14-15 lakhs
O&M: Rs 1-1.5 lakhs/year
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